| Form |
Type I.
| if-clause |
+ main clause |
| If / Unless / If .......not |
+ future I |
| + present tense |
+ shall / will / can
/ may / might + verb |
| If I learn my vocabulary, |
I'll get a good mark |
| or the other way round: |
|
| main clause |
+ if-clause |
| shall / will / can /
may / might + verb + present tense |
simple present |
| I'll get a good mark. |
if I learn my vocabulary |
|
| Function |
open
condition:
- Probable action/result
in the future according to a real condition
-
You'll catch the train
if you leave before ten.
|
| Curriculum |
Lehrplan:
-
Type I and II in form 7 and
8
-
if vs. when
Lehrbuch:
-
previously done:
-
future I
-
present tense
|
| Difficulties |
1. form:
-
if - plays,
- main clause -future I
-
if - unless
2. function
-
open conditions
-
What's condition - what's
consequence?
3. interlingual interferences
-
No future tense in if-clauses
-
if vs. when
-
unless
4. other difficulties
-
position of the if-clause
|
| Situations |
-
operating instructions
-
making appointments
-
warnings or possible rewards
-
suggestions
|
| Form |
Type II:
if-clause |
+ main clause |
| If / Unless / If .......not
past tense, |
+ conditional I:+
should / would / could / 'd / might + verb |
| If I learnt my vocabulary, |
I'd
get a good mark. |
| or the other way round: |
|
| main clause |
+ if-clause |
| I'd get a good mark |
if I learnt my vocabulary |
If-clauses in front position
are more emphatic.
If-clauses in front position
get a comma. |
| Function |
Hypothetical
statements
-
Possible action/result according
to a less probable condition in the future
-
We'd have enough money
for a new car if you found a good job.
-
Fantasized result or action
according to an unreal (untrue) condition in the present
-
We'd buy a Rolls Royce
if we were rich.
|
| Curriculum |
Lehrplan:
-
Type II in form 7 or
8
-
if I were you,
Lehrbuch:
-
previously done:
-
past tense
-
if-clause type I
|
| Difficulties |
1. form:
-
if - played,
- conditional I
-
if - unless
2. function
-
Possible action/result according
to a less probable condition in the future
-
Fantasized result or action
according to an unreal (untrue) condition in the present: "virtual reality"
-
no time indicated by past
tense = today or tomorrow
3. interlingual interferences
-
No conditional tense in if-clauses
-
if vs. when
-
unless
4. other difficulties
-
'were' instead of 'was' (rest
of old conjunctive)
-
position of the if-clause
|
| Situations |
-
dreams and nightmares
-
mock examinations: testing
a person
-
exaggerated timidity (But
if the bridge fell down....)
-
reproaches
|
| Form |
Type III:
if-clause |
+ main clause |
| If / Unless / If .......not
+ past perfect, |
+ conditional II |
| If I had + -ed
or 3rd form, |
+ should / would/
could / might + have + verb+ed or 3rd form |
| If I had learnt my vocabulary, |
I would have got a good mark. |
| or the other way round: |
. |
| main clause |
+ if-clause |
| should / would/ could
/ might + have + verb -ed or 3rd form |
if I had
+ -ed or 3rd form |
| I would have got a good mark |
if I had learnt my vocabulary |
|
| Function |
If- clause:
unreal condition: the condition can't be fulfilled any longer, because
it should have happened in the past, but didn't.
main clause: the
consequence can't take place any more, because the condition couldn't be
fulfilled.
If I had learnt more (but
I didn't learn=unreal condition), I
would have got a better mark. (So I didn't get a better mark= impossible
consequence)
or the other way round:
I would have got a better
mark (So I didn't get a better mark= impossible consequence)
if
I
had learnt more (but I didn't learn=unreal condition) |
| Curriculum |
Lehrplan:
form 9 + 10 (repetition)
Lehrbuch:
Type I and II in form 7 and 8
if vs. when |
| Difficulties |
1. interlingual interferences
No conditional tense in if-clauses
if vs. when
unless
2. other difficulties
position of the if-clause |
| Situations |
-
dreams and nightmares about
the past
-
castles in the air in the
past
-
reproaches
-
self-blaming
|
PAGE
