| Words | Amount of new words in relation
to known words (Steilheitsgrad) | Examples | 
| Pronunciation | 
phonological
stress
sounds
weak forms
linking |  | 
| Meaning | 
semantic
cultural
contextual
inter- or intra-lingual interferences
attitudinal |  | 
| Grammar | 
syntactical
structural
morphological
parts of speech
functions in the sentence |  | 
| Writing | 
spelling
capital letters
omission
punctuation
hyphenization |  | 
| Explanations | 
by demonstration
by definition |  | 
| Situation | 
setting and relation of speakers
intention of the speaker
attitude of speakers
choice of words (register) |  | 
| Level of experience | 
knowledge of facts
cultural background
motivational power |  | 
| Kinds of texts | 
monologue (written language)
dialogue (spoken language)
for reading
for listening
for taking an active part |  | 
| Features of a text | 
length
curve of suspense - straight line
running thread
climax - turning point
comprehensibility
level of difficulty 
abstract
real
fictional 
invented
genuine |  | 
| Changes | 
necessary
unnecessary
redundant
shortened |  | 
| Means of presentation | 
read out loud
retold 
acted out
read
listened to a tape
watched on TV or video
complete
defective |  |